Extractive Farming or Bio Farming? [[electronic resource] ] : Making a Better Choice for the 21st Century / / by Kodoth Prabhakaran Nair

• Autore: Nair Kodoth Prabhakaran
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer Nature Switzerland : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2023
• Edizione: 1st ed. 2023.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (66 pages)
• Disciplina: 338.1
• Soggetto topico: Agriculture; Food security; Sustainability; Environment; Soil science; Food Security; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Challenge -- 1.2 Soils and Sustainable Agriculture -- 1.3 Ensuring and Advancing Food Security -- 1.4 What do the Above Data Prove? -- 1.5 What Does the Concept of Soil Health Mean? -- 1.6 A Looming Global Food Crisis -- 1.7 The Global Scenario -- 1.8 What is the Situation in India? -- 1.9 What is the Future? -- References -- Chapter 2: What are Microbial Fertilizers and What is Their Role in Bio Farming? -- 2.1 Nitrogenous Microbial Fertilizers and Their Role in Bio Farming -- 2.2 The Morphology of Rhizobium -- 2.3 The Mode of Infection -- 2.4 The Process of Nodulation -- 2.5 The Process of Nitrogen Fixation -- 2.6 How is the Rhizobium Bacteria Produced En Masse? -- 2.7 How is the Microorganism Cultured? -- 2.8 How to Prepare the Inoculum? -- 2.9 Processing the Carrier Material -- 2.10 How to Mix the Carrier Material with the Broth Culture and Subsequent Packing? -- 2.11 Specifications for the Polythene Bag -- 2.12 Storing the Microbial Fertilizer -- 2.13 Benefits of Azospirillum -- 2.14 Details of Azospirillum -- 2.15 Morphology of Azospirillum -- 2.16 How to Mix the Carrier Material with the Broth and Pack It Up? -- 2.17 What Specifications are Prescribed for the Polythene Bags Used for Packing the Inoculum? -- 2.18 What is the Best Mode to Store Microbial Fertilizer Packages? -- 2.19 Details of Azotobacter -- 2.20 Which are the Most Important Species of Azotobacter? -- 2.21 What are the Steps Involved in the Mass Production of Azotobacter? -- 2.22 How to Culture the Bacterium? -- 2.23 How to Prepare the Inoculum? -- 2.24 How to Process the Carrier Material? -- 2.25 The Illustrious Example of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM): How do These Microorganisms Function? -- 2.26 Making Fixed Phosphate Bioavailable Through Which Route -- 2.27 Producing PSM En Masse. ; 2.28 How to Prepare the Inoculum? -- 2.29 How to Process the Carrier Material and Which are the Preferred Carrier Materials? -- 2.30 How to Mix the Carrier Material with the Culture Broth and Pack It? -- 2.31 What are the Specifications Used for the Polythene Bags? -- 2.32 How to Store the Microbial Fertilizer Properly? -- 2.33 Phosphate-Mobilizing Fungus (PMF) -- 2.34 Benefits of Mycorrhiza -- 2.35 The Presence of VAM Fungi on Plant Roots -- 2.36 How to Identify the Morphological Characteristics of the VAM Spores? -- 2.37 Observing the Spore Under a Compound Microscope -- 2.38 How to Produce VAM Fungi En Masse? -- 2.39 How to Produce AMF En Masse on the Farm Front? -- 2.40 Potash-Solubilizing Bacterium (KSB) -- 2.41 How Does the Mechanism of K Solubilization Operate? -- 2.42 The Bacteria That Solubilize Zinc and Silica -- 2.43 How is Silica Solubilized? -- 2.44 What are the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPR)? -- References -- Chapter 3: How do Microbial Fertilizers Function and How is the Efficiency of Microbial Fertilizers Quantified? -- 3.1 Enhancing Phosphate Solubilization Through Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) -- 3.2 How are Siderophores Produced? -- 3.3 Phytohormones: A Very Vital Product of Microbial Activity -- 3.4 ACC Deaminase (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase) -- 3.5 What are the Indirect Mechanisms? -- 3.6 Quantifying the Efficiency of Microbial Fertilizers -- 3.7 The Process of Production of Microbial Fertilizer -- 3.8 What are the Quality Standards for Microbial Fertilizers? -- 3.9 The Persistence of the Microbial Fertilizer in the Soil -- 3.10 The Role of the Host Plant -- 3.11 Which are the Soil Conditions That Affect the Microbial Action? -- 3.12 Competition from Inherent Microbial Population Against a Microbial Fertilizer -- 3.13 How do Farmers' Practices Affect the Efficiency of Microbial Fertilizers?. ; 3.13.1 Application of Fertilizers -- 3.14 What are the Management Practices in Soil That Affect the Efficiency of Microbial Inoculation? -- 3.15 Application Method of the Inoculant -- 3.16 What are the Environmental Factors That Affect Microbial Fertilizers' Efficiency? -- 3.17 How is the Seed Treated? -- 3.18 What are the Specific Recommendations for Fruit Crops? -- 3.19 Which are the Most Important Precautions to be Taken When Using Microbial Fertilizers? -- 3.20 What is a Consortium of Microbial Fertilizers? -- References.
• Sommario/riassunto: Global farming is at a crucial juncture in its evolution. Over 9000 years ago, humanity shifted from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to stationary agriculture, sparking the “Agricultural Revolution” and putting soil at the forefront of agricultural focus. However, contemporary farming practices have seen an extreme shift in focus from the original revolution, that is, from tending plants to highly chemical-centric and extractive farming methods known as the “green revolution”. In this process, soil has paid a heavy environmental price, with a substantial amount of land becoming unsuitable for agriculture over the past century. The 1992–93 World Resources Report by the United Nations issued alarming conclusions, revealing that nearly 10 million hectares of the world’s best farmlands have been destroyed by human activity, including the green revolution. Additionally, over 1.2 billion hectares of land worldwide have suffered serious damage and can only be restored at a great cost. This loss of soil capability can result in significant food shortages in the next two to three decades. One significant impact of this issue is that as usual, people in the disadvantaged nations will bear the brunt of the consequences. Approximately two-thirds of the seriously eroded land is located in Asia and Africa, with around 25% of the cropped land in Central America being moderately to severely damaged. The percentage of affected land in North America is relatively low, at only 4.4%. Soil degradation is the primary cause for the dramatic decline in food production in 80 developing countries during the past decade, with nearly 40% of global farming conducted on small parcels of land measuring 1 hectare or less. This situation is characterized by ignorance and poverty. In India alone, more than 120.40 million hectares of the total 328.73 million hectares of geographical area have suffered from degraded soils due to the green revolution. The State of Punjab, known as the “cradle of Indian green revolution” is a clear example of this environmental hazard, specifically in relation to soil resources. Thousands of hectares in this region cannot sustain plant growth without significant investment in soil reclamation, resulting in a substantial drain of national resources. All of this, proves beyond a shadow of doubt, the critical role that soil plays in human sustenance.
• Titolo autorizzato: Extractive Farming or Bio Farming
• ISBN: 3-031-34695-5
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910734853103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, . 2191-5555